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The Society of Dependants were a Christian sect founded by John Sirgood in the mid nineteenth century. Their stronghold was in West Sussex and Surrey where they formed co-operatives in some villages. They were widely known as "Cokelers", a nickname of uncertain derivation but which was used from an early date. ==History== Members of the Society of Dependants were Protestant dissenters whose beliefs largely derived from Wesleyan Arminianism.〔Wesleyan Arminianism, Steven Harper, Four Views on Eternal Security (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002)〕〔John Sirgood's Way, the Story of the Loxwood Dependants, Peter Jerome (1998)〕 They believed in the people's ability to exercise free will and thereby achieve salvation rather than the Calvinistic assertion of predestination. They were conscientious objectors to the war and were encouraged but not required to remain unmarried. Beginning in the 1850s meetings were held on commons or in barns and faced great opposition from the landed gentry and the clergy. Both men and women preached, which was unusual at that time, seeking converts among the poor and humble. They first established themselves at Loxwood because it was outside of the control of the large estates whose Anglican owners would have denied them land or premises. As it was the sect was threatened with legal action for unlawful meetings by the parish authorities in Loxwood in 1861 and many letters were written by both sides but no action was taken. The repeal of the Conventicle Act soon after this left the sect free to worship openly. The first chapel was opened there in 1861. Seven more chapels were built in Norwood, Shamley Green, Warnham, Lords Hill, Northchapel, Chichester and Hove. These were simple undecorated buildings, with a room where those who had walked long distances to attend could rest during the day-long Sunday worship. A number of combination stores were opened around 1879 in Norwood, Lord's Hill, Northchapel, Warnham and Loxwood, where members lived communally, investing and working in the business. Some followers disagreed with entering the world of commerce but the shops were successful, selling everything from soap to suspenders, bacon to bootlaces. They also grew their own produce to sell, living communally on tenanted farms. When there was a fashion for cycling in the 1890s they opened bicycle shops at Northchapel, Loxwood and Warnham. The Loxwood site included a steam bakery. At Northchapel in the early 20th century the stores consisted of three departments, employing thirteen saleswomen and assistants, together with delivery drivers. At the same date the Warnham stores employed thirty one people of both sexes. Most of the staff lived over the shops.〔 All profits were put back in the business or used to help the needy. They also made furniture to sell: attractive, sturdy pieces, some of which still survive. The following verse comes from the Dependants' Hymn Book〔Pamela Bruce,''Northchapel A Parish History'' (2000) Published by Northchapel Parish Council.〕 :''Christ's Combination Stores for me'' :''Where I can be so well supplied,'' :''Where I can one with brethren be'', :''Where competition is defied.''. The group declined in numbers through the twentieth century, and, by the late 1980s, there were only handful of adherents remaining, worshiping in Loxwood and Northchapel.〔Mick Ree, "The Lord Does Combination Love: Religion and Co-operation Amongst a Peculiar People", in Stephen Yeo, ''(New Views of Co-operation )''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Society of Dependants」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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